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Adding value to waste material - eggshells
Zlámal, Filip ; Pernica, Marek (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the utilization of waste materiál – eggshells and the evaluation of this waste raw material to obtain interesting and valuable products. In the introduction of the thesis are described properties, composition and structure of the eggshell rich in minerals and the composition of its membranes. In the next part of the thesis is evaluated potential utilization of this waste as a fertilizer, adsorbent, possible uses in medicine and pharmacy, utilization in electronics, as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel and its further uses.
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Treatment of bilogical waste from egg processing
Zich, Jan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The main target of this final thesis is to compile possible uses of eggshell waste with emphasis on pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the common handling of this waste, including legislation, is described. It is also explained what eggshell waste is mainly composed of – eggshell containing calcium and eggshell membrane rich on collagen and other substances. In addition, various ways of using eggshell waste are presented and evaluated, including manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Finally, a search for commercial solutions, patents and other sources dealing with the process of processing egg waste is carried out. It showed that although there are many patents, the offer of equipment for this purpose is very limited on the market. The acquired knowledge is used in the design of a unique process line enabling processing of both components of eggshell waste as pharmaceutical products.
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Eliminace výskytu vajec s poškozenou skořápkou u nosných hybridů na konci snášky
Horník, Radek
The deterioration of eggshell quality depending on the age of the laying hens causes significant economic losses for table egg producers. The aim of the experiment was to determine whether feeding vitamin D3 in the form of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 would improve eggshell quality after 46 weeks of flock age. Two houses with flocks of Lohmann Brown-Classic laying hens housed in enriched cage technology were included in the observation. Both houses were fed the same feed mixture from the same supplier. From 38 weeks of age onwards, eggs were collected at regular two-week intervals in a number of 60 eggs from each house for each observation. Egg weight and eggshell strength, weight and thickness were determined for these eggs. From the 46th week onwards, 25 hydroxyvitamin D3, its hydroxy analogue, was started in the feed mixture in addition to vitamin D3 at one house. Monitoring of the above parameters was continued until the 67th week of age. It was found that the eggs were lighter on the shed where 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 was fed (P < 0,001), which was due to the fact that the eggs were conclusively lighter on this shed before the experimental intervention (P < 0,05). The egg weight was closely related to the eggshell weight, which was also conclusively lower on the experimental shed (P < 0,05). There was no conclusive difference in eggshell strength and thickness between the sheds. Egg and eggshell weight and shell thickness were significantly influenced by flock age (P < 0,001). There was no positive effect of 25 hydroxyvitamin D3 on eggshell quality.
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Trendy ve využití složek vajec
Doležalová, Eliška
Eggs are now recognised not only as a dietary ingredient but also as a starting material providing many valuable bioactive compounds that are used primarily in food processing but also in medicine, veterinary medicine, pharmacology and biotechnology. Egg yolk is an important source of antioxidants, aromatic amino acids, carotenoids, vitamins, phospholipids and proteins. Egg white is an excellent natural source of high quality protein that is rich in essential amino acids. Eggshell mainly contains calcium and other minerals. Hen egg yolk has a number of technological functions, including emulsifying, gelling and film-forming. Different types of modification can be used to improve the functional properties of egg components. For example, enzymatic hydrolysis can be used to modify the egg yolk and deamidation is used to modify the egg white. Eggshells are primarily considered as zero-value waste, although they are rich in organic and inorganic compounds that can be used in various forms.
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Adding value to waste material - eggshells
Zlámal, Filip ; Pernica, Marek (referee) ; Brummer, Vladimír (advisor)
The submitted thesis deals with the utilization of waste materiál – eggshells and the evaluation of this waste raw material to obtain interesting and valuable products. In the introduction of the thesis are described properties, composition and structure of the eggshell rich in minerals and the composition of its membranes. In the next part of the thesis is evaluated potential utilization of this waste as a fertilizer, adsorbent, possible uses in medicine and pharmacy, utilization in electronics, as a catalyst in the production of biodiesel and its further uses.
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Treatment of bilogical waste from egg processing
Zich, Jan ; Brummer, Vladimír (referee) ; Máša, Vítězslav (advisor)
The main target of this final thesis is to compile possible uses of eggshell waste with emphasis on pharmaceutical industry. Firstly, the common handling of this waste, including legislation, is described. It is also explained what eggshell waste is mainly composed of – eggshell containing calcium and eggshell membrane rich on collagen and other substances. In addition, various ways of using eggshell waste are presented and evaluated, including manufacture of pharmaceutical products. Finally, a search for commercial solutions, patents and other sources dealing with the process of processing egg waste is carried out. It showed that although there are many patents, the offer of equipment for this purpose is very limited on the market. The acquired knowledge is used in the design of a unique process line enabling processing of both components of eggshell waste as pharmaceutical products.
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Factors affecting deposition of selected antimicrobial substances into the egg structures
Pokorná, Monika ; Javůrková, Veronika (advisor) ; Svobodová, Jana (referee)
Both during the ovogenesis and immediately after the laying is a bird egg exposed to strong pressure from the microorganisms which are able to penetrate the egg through eggshell pores and infect its inner structures. With regard to the proved negative effects on hatchability, viability and phenotype of offspring, a cascade of obstacles has evolved which are able to minimize the risk of bacterial infection. The deposition of antimicrobial components into the eggshell and the egg white is considered to be one of them. A whole group of egg white proteins belong to them, among which lysozyme and ovotransferrin, which are also partially deposited into the eggshell and cuticular layer of the eggshell, dominate with their antimicrobial effect. The implication of the newest studies is that the microbial protection of the egg can be also performed by the eggshell pigments - biliverdin and protoporphyrin, which protect the egg from being colonized by microorganisms with an increased UV light and regulation of conductivity and water vapour condensation on the egg surface. Even though the presence of these antimicrobial components in different structures of the egg has been proved, there is no known comparative study which addresses the relation between deposition of selected antimicrobial components into...
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Physiological aspects of the variability in eggshell pigmentation
Mengr, Jan ; Javůrková, Veronika (advisor) ; Krist, Miloš (referee)
The avian eggshell colouration is caused by specific pigments deposited into the eggshell. These pigments differ in colour, chemical structure and the eggshell deposition place. The function of the eggshell pigmentation is traditionally considered to have cryptic or thermoregulatory role. However, most recent hypotheses provide a new perspective on the function of eggshell pigmentation. As between species variability in the eggshell pigmentation is under strong genetic control, within species variability is considered to be a result of adaptation to environmental factors affecting physiology of female bird. This work focuses on the description and characteristics of particular eggshell pigments, their synthesis, deponation process and also the importance of variability in the avian eggshell pigmentation and its physiological aspects. Powered by TCPDF (www.tcpdf.org)
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Evolutionary contraints in the origin of viviparity in Amniotes Why there are no viviparous birds?
Chmelová, Kristýna ; Kratochvíl, Lukáš (advisor) ; Gvoždík, Václav (referee)
Evolution of life-bearing have fascinated biologists for over a long time. Viviparity has evolved many times within separate vertebrate lineages and it is a geographically widespread phenomenon. The majority of these independent origins have occured within lizards and snakes. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain the selective pressures leading to viviparity in reptiles. One of the most frequently supported hypotheses views viviparity as an adaptation to a cold climate, i.e. viviparous mothers ensure favorable thermoregulation to developing embryos. It is generally supposed that egg retention is an intermediate stage in the evolution of live-bearing. Inclination to egg retention seems to be one of the most important preadaptations of viviparity in vertebrates. Additional limiting factors are probably for instance type of eggshell, mode of sex determinantion or egg guarding as an alternative mode of parental care.
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